Galcanezumab (brand name Emgality) is a prescription medicine used to prevent chronic migraines.
| Drug class | CGRP Antibody |
|---|---|
| Type | Single |
| Forms | SC Injection |
| Common strength | 120 mg |
| Common Indian brands | Emgality |
| Prescription status | Prescription |
What Galcanezumab is used for
Galcanezumab is a medicine primarily used in the field of Neuro-Ophthalmology. It is specifically prescribed for:
- Chronic migraine prevention
Chronic migraine is a severe type of headache that can significantly impact a person’s daily life. It is characterized by frequent migraine attacks, often occurring on 15 or more days per month, with at least 8 of those days having migraine features, for more than three months. These migraines can be debilitating, causing throbbing pain, sensitivity to light and sound, nausea, and other symptoms. Preventing chronic migraines is crucial for improving the quality of life for those affected.
How it works
Galcanezumab belongs to a category of medicines known as CGRP Antibodies. CGRP stands for Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide. This peptide is a small protein found in the body that plays a significant role in pain transmission, particularly in migraine headaches. When a migraine attack occurs, CGRP is released, which can lead to inflammation and widening of blood vessels in the brain, contributing to the pain and other symptoms of migraine.
Galcanezumab works by specifically blocking the action of CGRP. By attaching to CGRP, it prevents this peptide from binding to its receptors and initiating the processes that lead to migraine pain. In simpler terms, it acts like a shield, stopping CGRP from causing trouble. This targeted action helps to reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks, thereby preventing chronic migraines.
Because it targets a specific pathway involved in migraine, Galcanezumab offers a focused approach to preventing these debilitating headaches. It helps to calm down the overactive pain signals in the brain that are characteristic of chronic migraine, providing relief and improving the patient’s ability to manage their condition.
How it’s used
Galcanezumab is administered as a subcutaneous (SC) injection. This means it is injected just under the skin, similar to how insulin is given. The typical strength of each injection is 120 mg.
The dosing regimen for Galcanezumab usually involves an initial ‘loading dose’ followed by regular monthly injections. The exact schedule and dosage will be determined by your ophthalmologist based on your specific condition and needs. It is crucial to follow your doctor’s instructions precisely regarding how and when to administer the injection.
Your doctor or a nurse will likely show you how to properly give yourself the injection, or you may receive it at a clinic. It is important to understand the correct technique for preparing and administering the injection to ensure it is effective and safe. Never adjust the dose or stop the medication without consulting your doctor.
Consistency in taking your monthly injections is key to achieving the best results in preventing chronic migraines. If you miss a dose, contact your doctor immediately for advice on what to do next. Do not try to double your dose to make up for a missed one.
Always follow your ophthalmologist’s exact instructions.
Brands available in India
- Emgality
Brand availability and pricing vary; confirm with your pharmacist.
Good to know
Prescription eye medicine — use only as directed by a qualified ophthalmologist. This page is for general education and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or a prescription. Do not self-medicate or reuse an old prescription.
Precautions & side effects
Galcanezumab is generally well tolerated by most patients. However, like all medicines, it can have some precautions and potential side effects, although these are usually mild.
- Prescription Only: This is a prescription eye medicine. It must only be used as directed by a qualified ophthalmologist. Do not self-medicate or reuse an old prescription.
- Medical Supervision: Always use this medicine under the guidance and supervision of your doctor. They will monitor your progress and address any concerns.
- Allergies: Inform your doctor if you have any known allergies to Galcanezumab or any other medications.
- Pre-existing Conditions: Discuss your complete medical history with your doctor, including any other health conditions you may have, before starting this medication.
- Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding, discuss this with your doctor before using Galcanezumab.
- Other Medications: Inform your doctor about all other medicines you are currently taking, including over-the-counter drugs, herbal supplements, and vitamins, to avoid potential interactions.
- Injection Site Reactions: Some patients might experience mild reactions at the injection site, such as redness, swelling, itching, or pain. These are usually temporary and resolve on their own. If they persist or worsen, contact your doctor.
- Serious Side Effects: While rare, if you experience any severe allergic reactions (e.g., difficulty breathing, severe rash, swelling of the face/throat) or any other concerning symptoms, seek immediate medical attention.
This page is for general education and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or a prescription. Always consult your ophthalmologist for personalized advice.
Understanding Chronic Migraine and Its Impact
Chronic migraine is more than just a bad headache; it’s a neurological condition that can significantly disrupt your life. For someone living with chronic migraine, headaches occur on 15 or more days a month, with at least eight of those days having migraine features, for a period of more than three months. These migraines are often severe, causing throbbing pain, usually on one side of the head, but sometimes on both. They are frequently accompanied by other debilitating symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and extreme sensitivity to light (photophobia) and sound (phonophobia). Some people also experience visual disturbances, known as auras, before or during a migraine.
The constant presence of pain and associated symptoms can make it challenging to perform daily activities, go to work or school, and maintain social relationships. It can lead to significant stress, anxiety, and depression. Living with chronic pain can also affect sleep patterns and overall well-being. That’s why effective prevention and management are so important. Medicines like Galcanezumab are designed to reduce the frequency and severity of these attacks, giving patients more pain-free days and improving their quality of life. Understanding your condition and working closely with your doctor are crucial steps in managing chronic migraine effectively.
General Advice for Using Injections and Maintaining Hygiene
When using any injectable medicine like Galcanezumab, proper technique and hygiene are paramount to ensure safety and effectiveness. Your doctor or a trained healthcare professional will provide detailed instructions on how to prepare and administer the injection. It’s vital to follow these instructions precisely. Typically, this involves washing your hands thoroughly with soap and water before handling the medication. The injection site, usually on the abdomen, thigh, or upper arm, should be cleaned with an alcohol swab and allowed to air dry completely before injecting. This helps prevent infections.
Always use a new, sterile needle and syringe for each injection. Never reuse needles or share your medication with anyone else. After the injection, dispose of the used needle and syringe in a puncture-resistant container, often called a sharps container, as advised by your healthcare provider. Do not throw them in regular household trash. Store your medication as directed, usually in a refrigerator, and protect it from light. Always check the expiry date before use and do not use expired medicine. If you have any doubts or concerns about the injection process, do not hesitate to ask your doctor or nurse for clarification. Proper hygiene and technique minimize the risk of infection and ensure the medicine works as intended.
When to Seek Medical Help
While Galcanezumab is generally well-tolerated, it’s important to be aware of when to seek medical attention. Always remember that this is a prescription medicine, and your ophthalmologist is your primary guide. If you experience any severe or unusual side effects after taking the injection, such as difficulty breathing, swelling of your face or throat, a widespread rash, or severe dizziness, seek immediate medical help. These could be signs of a serious allergic reaction. Similarly, if you notice any signs of infection at the injection site, such as increasing redness, warmth, swelling, or pus, contact your doctor promptly.
It’s also important to communicate with your doctor if the medicine doesn’t seem to be working as expected, or if your chronic migraines are not improving. Do not stop taking the medication without consulting your doctor, even if you feel better, as this could lead to a return of your symptoms. Regular follow-up appointments with your ophthalmologist are crucial to monitor your progress, adjust your treatment plan if necessary, and address any questions or concerns you may have. Your doctor is your best resource for personalized medical advice and care.
Frequently asked questions
What is Galcanezumab used for?
Galcanezumab is a prescription medicine used to prevent chronic migraines.
How does Galcanezumab work?
Galcanezumab works by blocking a substance in the body called CGRP (Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide), which plays a key role in causing migraine pain. By blocking CGRP, it helps to reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks.
What are the common Indian brands for Galcanezumab?
The common brand name for Galcanezumab available in India is Emgality.
How is Galcanezumab administered?
Galcanezumab is given as a subcutaneous (SC) injection, meaning it's injected just under the skin. It is typically given monthly after an initial loading dose, as directed by your doctor.
Do I need a prescription for Galcanezumab?
Yes, Galcanezumab is a prescription medicine and must only be used as directed by a qualified ophthalmologist. You cannot purchase it without a valid prescription.
What are the key precautions I should take while using Galcanezumab?
Key precautions include using it only as prescribed by your doctor, informing your doctor about all your medical conditions and other medicines you are taking, and reporting any severe or unusual side effects immediately. It is generally well tolerated, but always follow your doctor's advice.
References
- Galcanezumab for the prevention of episodic and chronic migraine (autoinjector pen) | CUH – Cambridge University Hospitals
- Eye health – MedlinePlus (US National Library of Medicine)
- Eye health information – American Academy of Ophthalmology
- Learn about eye health – National Eye Institute (NIH)
- Blindness and vision impairment – World Health Organization
Medically reviewed by Dr. C Jagadesh Reddy, Chief Surgeon: Cornea, Cataract and Refractive Surgery — last reviewed 2026-07-28.
This page is for general education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Never self-medicate or reuse an old prescription. Always consult a qualified ophthalmologist before starting, changing or stopping any eye medicine.